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Flying low through glacier valleys like these in southeast Greenland

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is one way that researchers with NASA's Operation IceBridge

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study these massive rivers of ice. In this video

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from a camera mounted in the cockpit, we see what IceBridge's pilots see

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as they fly the P-3B airborne laboratory over the glacier’s main flow line.

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While rugged mountains pass by on both sides,

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IceBridge scientists use onboard laser, radar and camera instruments

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to measure ice surface elevation and thickness and map the shape

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of the glacier valley below.The view from the P-3 soon changes

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as the glacier empties into a fjord and then the open ocean.

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Steep valley walls

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and jagged rocks give way to broad horizons, solid and broken sea ice and,

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frequently, icebergs that had previously calved,

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or broken off, of the glacier.

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Returning from the ocean, we see an ice-choked

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end abruptly at the calving front of another glacier, and the many

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crevasses in the ice that indicate the glacier’s flow toward the sea.